NEET Biology Mock Test: Ecology & Environment (30 High-Yield MCQs)

NEET Biology: Ecology & Environment Mock Test | 30 Important MCQs with Explanations

Hello NEET aspirants! Ecology is one of the most scoring units in Biology. Analysis of previous years' papers shows that about 10–12 questions are asked from this unit, almost all directly from the NCERT. To help you ace your preparation, we have curated 30 Must-Solve MCQs covering the entire Ecology syllabus.

SECTION 1: Organisms and Populations

1. Which interaction lowers the fitness of both species?

(A) Predation

(B) Parasitism

(C) Mutualism

(D) Competition

Answer: (D)

Explanation: In competition, both species suffer due to struggle for the same limited resources.

2. An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango tree is an example of:

(A) Mutualism

(B) Commensalism

(C) Parasitism

(D) Amensalism

Answer: (B)

Explanation: Orchid benefits from support, mango tree is unaffected.

3. If birth rate equals death rate and resources are limited, the growth curve is:

(A) J-shaped

(B) S-shaped (Sigmoid)

(C) Linear

(D) Exponential

Answer: (B)

Explanation: Population reaches carrying capacity (K).

4. According to Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle:

(A) Species coexist indefinitely

(B) Predation prevents competition

(C) Two species competing for same resource cannot coexist

(D) Larger organisms exclude smaller ones

Answer: (C)

5. Functional role of a species in its environment is called:

(A) Habitat

(B) Niche

(C) Biome

(D) Ecosystem

Answer: (B)

SECTION 2: Ecosystem

6. Energy flow in an ecosystem is:

(A) Multidirectional

(B) Bidirectional

(C) Unidirectional

(D) Cyclic

Answer: (C)

Explanation: Energy flows from sun → producers → consumers and is lost as heat.

7. In aquatic ecosystem, pyramid of biomass is:

(A) Upright

(B) Inverted

(C) Spindle-shaped

(D) Horizontal

Answer: (B)

Explanation: Phytoplankton biomass is less than consumer biomass.

8. Which pyramid is never inverted?

(A) Pyramid of number

(B) Pyramid of biomass

(C) Pyramid of energy

(D) All

Answer: (C)

Explanation: Energy always decreases at higher trophic levels (10% law).

9. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is:

(A) GPP − R

(B) GPP + R

(C) Rate of photosynthesis only

(D) Total organic matter

Answer: (A)

10. Mineralization by microbes helps in:

(A) Building organic matter

(B) Releasing inorganic nutrients

(C) DNA breakdown

(D) Fragmentation

Answer: (B)

SECTION 3: Biodiversity and Conservation

11. Biodiversity hotspots globally and in India:

(A) 25 & 2

(B) 34 & 4

(C) 30 & 3

(D) 36 & 4

Answer: (D)

Explanation: India hotspots—Western Ghats/Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma, Himalayas, Sundaland.

12. Red Data Book is maintained by:

(A) WWF

(B) IUCN

(C) UNESCO

(D) CITES

Answer: (B)

13. Example of Ex-situ conservation:

(A) National Park

(B) Wildlife Sanctuary

(C) Seed Bank

(D) Sacred Groves

Answer: (C)

14. “Evil Quartet” refers to causes of:

(A) Population explosion

(B) Ecosystem stability

(C) Biodiversity loss

(D) Global warming

Answer: (C)

15. Sacred Groves help mainly in:

(A) Awareness

(B) Soil protection

(C) Year-round flowering

(D) Protecting rare species

Answer: (D)

SECTION 4: Advanced NCERT Practice

16. Vertical distribution of species is called:

(A) Zonation

(B) Stratification

(C) Succession

(D) Fragmentation

Answer: (B)

17. Maximum global carbon is stored in:

(A) Atmosphere

(B) Ocean

(C) Living organisms

(D) Fossil fuels

Answer: (B)

18. Species–Area relationship was described by:

(A) Liebig

(B) Humboldt

(C) Darwin

(D) Odum

Answer: (B)

19. Primary consumer in pond ecosystem:

(A) Phytoplankton

(B) Zooplankton

(C) Small fish

(D) Bacteria

Answer: (B)

20. Extinction of pollinator causing plant extinction is:

(A) Alien invasion

(B) Over-exploitation

(C) Co-extinction

(D) Fragmentation

Answer: (C)

HIGH-YIELD NCERT MCQs

21. In Phosphorus cycle, weathering releases phosphate into:

(A) Atmosphere

(B) Soil solution

(C) Water bodies

(D) Living organisms

Answer: (B)

22. Major energy conduit in aquatic ecosystem:

(A) DFC

(B) GFC

(C) Microbial loop

(D) Direct solar energy

Answer: (B)

23. Decomposition is slow when detritus is rich in:

(A) Sugars

(B) Lipids

(C) Lignin and chitin

(D) Soluble substances

Answer: (C)

24. In Rivet Popper Hypothesis, rivets represent:

(A) Ecosystem

(B) Keystone species

(C) All species

(D) Extinct species

Answer: (C)

25. Biosphere reserve differs from national park because it allows:

(A) Only animals

(B) Sustainable human activity

(C) Aesthetic protection only

(D) No core zone

Answer: (B)

26. Stable community shows:

(A) High biomass fluctuation

(B) Resistance to disturbance

(C) Sensitivity to aliens

(D) Low productivity

Answer: (B)

27. Ophrys pollination is an example of:

(A) Pseudocopulation

(B) Co-evolution

(C) Mutualism

(D) Both A and B

Answer: (D)

28. Population growth equation:

(A) Nₜ₊₁ = Nₜ + [(B + I) − (D + E)]

(B) Nₜ + [(B + E) − (D + I)]

(C) Nₜ + rN

(D) Nₜ + [(D + E) − (B + I)]

Answer: (A)

29. Productivity is expressed as:

(A) g m⁻² yr⁻¹

(B) kcal m⁻² yr⁻¹

(C) g m⁻²

(D) Both A and B

Answer: (D)

30. “Lungs of the Planet” refers to:

(A) Himalayas

(B) Amazon Rain Forest

(C) Western Ghats

(D) Taiga

Answer: (B)

Conclusion

Mastering the Ecology and Environment unit is crucial for a high rank in NEET. Focus on definitions, specific examples given in NCERT (like the Mediterranean orchid or the Cuckoo bird's brood parasitism), and the data regarding biodiversity loss. Consistent practice with these MCQs will help you identify weak spots and improve your speed. Stay tuned to ScienceCoat.com for more subject-wise mock tests and revision notes!

Keep studying, keep growing! ❤️🎓

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